World Countries-Somalia
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	SOMALIA Country Name Somalia Capital Mogadishu Currency Somali shilling Religion Sunni Muslim Surface Area 637,657 sq km Population 8,591,629 Nationality Somali Languages Somali (official)	Click to Enlarge the Map

Geographical Information
Map Location Africa Geographical Location 10° 00' North Latitude 49° 00' East Longitude Surface Area 637,657 sq km Climate Principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons Natural Resources Uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves
Political Information
Country Name Somalia Capital City Mogadishu Government Type No permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary federal government Administrative Divisions 18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed Independence Day 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)
Demographical Information
Population 8,591,629 (July 2005 est.) Nationality Somali Ethnic Groups Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000) Religion Sunni Muslim Languages Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English Population Growth Rate 3.38% (2005 est.)
Economical Information
Currency Somali shilling (SOS) Industries A few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication Labor Force 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers) Labor Force by Sectors Agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and services 29% Agriculture Products Cattle, sheep, goats; bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; fish Export Commodities Livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal Export Partners Thailand 31.3%, UAE 22.8%, Yemen 14.9%, India 8.5%, Oman 5.4%, China 4.1% (2004) Import Commodities Manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat Import Partners Djibouti 28.8%, Kenya 13.1%, India 9.3%, Brazil 5.4%, Oman 5.2%, UAE 5.1% (2004)
Transportation
Railways - Highways 22,100 km Pipelines - Airports 60 (2004 est.) Ports and Harbors Boosaaso, Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu
Communication
Phone Code +252 Internet Abbreviation .so
Other
Short History The regime of Mohamed SIAD Barre was ousted in January 1991; turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy have followed in the years since. In May of 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence, aided by the overwhelming dominance of a ruling clan and economic infrastructure left behind by British, Russian, and American military assistance programs. The regions of Bari and Nugaal and northern Mudug comprise a neighboring self-declared autonomous state of Puntland, which has been self-governing since 1998, but does not aim at independence; it has also made strides towards reconstructing a legitimate, representative government, but has suffered some civil strife. Puntland disputes its border with Somaliland as it also claims portions of eastern Sool and Sanaag. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. The mandate of the Transitional National Government (TNG), created in August 2000 in Arta, Djibouti, expired in August 2003. New Somali President Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed has formed a new Transitional Federal Government (TFG) consisting of a 275-member parliament. It was established in October 2004 to replace the TNG but has not yet moved to Mogadishu. Discussions regarding the establishment of a new government in Mogadishu are ongoing in Kenya. Numerous warlords and factions are still fighting for control of the capital city as well as for other southern regions. Suspicion of Somali links with global terrorism further complicates the picture.
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