| Geographical Information |
| Map Location |
Asia |
| Geographical Location |
46° 00' North Latitude
105° 00' East Longitude |
| Surface Area |
1,564,116 sq km |
| Climate |
Desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) |
| Natural Resources |
Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron |
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| Political Information |
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| Country Name |
Mongolia |
| Capital City |
Ulaanbaatar |
| Government Type |
Mixed parliamentary/presidential |
| Administrative Divisions |
21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan Uul, Dornod,
Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Govi-Altay, Govi-Sumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs |
| Independence Day |
11 July 1921 (from China) |
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| Demographical Information |
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| Population |
2,791,272 (July 2005 est.) |
| Nationality |
Mongolian |
| Ethnic Groups |
Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000) |
| Religion |
Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4% (2004) |
| Languages |
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999) |
| Population Growth Rate |
1.45% (2005 est.) |
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| Economical Information |
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| Currency |
Togrog/tugrik (MNT) |
| Industries |
Construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing |
| Labor Force |
1.488 million (2003) |
| Labor Force by Sectors |
Herding/agriculture 42%, mining 4%, manufacturing 6%, trade 14%, services 29%, public sector 5%, other 3.7% (2003) |
| Agriculture Products |
Wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops, sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses |
| Export Commodities |
Copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals |
| Export Partners |
China 50.7%, US 26.3%, Canada 5.3%, UK 4.3%, Russia 4.2% (2004) |
| Import Commodities |
Machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea |
| Import Partners |
Russia 31%, China 23.1%, Japan 8.4%, South Korea 6.7% (2004) |
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| Transportation |
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| Railways |
1,810 km |
| Highways |
49,256 km |
| Pipelines |
- |
| Airports |
46 (2004 est.) |
| Ports and Harbors |
- |
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| Communication |
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| Phone Code |
+976 |
| Internet Abbreviation |
.mn |
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| Other |
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| Short History |
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAN they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states,
but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with
Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power to
the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), which defeated the MPRP in a national election in 1996. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000 and
produced a coalition government in 2004. |
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